Consciousness of guilt is a concept that means that a person is aware of the fact that they are guilty of committing a crime.
In the context of the law, actions that display consciousness of guilt can be used as evidence against a defendant in a court of law.
Consciousness of guilt can be important in many different legal situations. For example, if a person is pulled over, and they flee the scene in their car, then this can be used as evidence of consciousness of guilt later on in court.
Prosecuting attorneys often try to prove that defendants were conscious of their guilt, because this means that their crimes were not an accident, and that they knew exactly what they were doing.