Wrongful termination in violation of public policy is when a person is fired for reasons that are against public policy, such as something that violates their constitutional rights. People who believe that they have been wrongfully terminated in violation of public policy may sue their former employer. If they win, then their former employer could face punitive consequences and be forced to pay damages.
Occasionally, people are fired for reasons that most would consider to be morally reprehensible or in violation of basic rights. This is essentially what wrongful termination in violation of public policy is. For example, if an employer was to fire an employee for exercising his/her right to vote in an election, then this would be wrongful termination in violation of public policy. Such a circumstance could result in a lawsuit. However, the plaintiff would have to prove that his or her employer terminated him or her for this reason in order to receive damages.